Stores/Restaurants:
1) Do you need chopsticks?/おはしはご利用ですか？
You will be asked this in the supermarket if you buy a bento. I usually say いいえ、大丈夫です because we have chopsticks at the dorm and I don't like to use disposable ones more than I need to. If you want them, you could say はい、お願いします or something along those lines.
2) Do you want it warmed up?/あたためていいですか？(or something like that)
You will be asked this at a convenience store if you buy anything that could be warmed up. Yes: はい、お願いします No: いいえ、大丈夫です
The first time we went to a convenience store here, we were asked that. I asked her to repeat, understood, then said はい、お願いします but she didn't heat up our food. Maybe she thought we didn't understand...?
3) Do you have a point card?/カード(or ポイントカード)を持ちですか？(or some other combination of formal words after カード)
You will be asked this at the checkout at supermarkets like HI-Hirose (if you're at KGU) and other places. If you're got one, whip it out; if not, just say no.
4) Can I just put a sticker on it?/シールは大丈夫ですか？ (Likely with different wording, but the key word is シール)
You may be asked this at the checkout in a supermarket. If you have something that won't fit in a bag, they'll ask you if they can just put a sticker on it. Just answer はい
5) How many people?/何名さまですか？ (this is a polite way of saying 何人ですか?)
You will be asked this when walking into a restaurant. Just answer ＿人です; don't reply with ＿名さま because that'd be rude (referring to yourself with honorifics).
6) Can we pay separately?/Are you paying together?/Etc. (See below)
When you're eating with a group of people, the server will likely assume you're paying together, and bring you one bill. When you go to pay, if you want to each pay for your food separately, ask the person at the cash something like べつべつで払ってもいいでしょうか？or べつべつは大丈夫ですか？ Or, you may also be asked at some point ご一緒ですか？or "Is it together?". You can answer with はい or something like いいえ、べつべつで、お願いします.
In Class:
1) When you go into Japanese language class, you should greet the teacher with おはようございます (ours were in the morning). If you're late, say something like 遅く来てどうもすみません or just どうもすみませんでした. You may be asked why you are late; the most common answer is 寝坊しました/I overslept.
2) Good work/おつかれさまでした
This is something to be careful with. The teacher will say this to you, but don't respond with おつかれさまでした like you would another student or a coworker. You should respond ありがとうございました.
3) Japanese grammatical terms.
This is one of the more difficult parts about being taught Japanese in Japanese. Depending on the class and the teacher, you will likely need to know terms like "noun", "verb", "particle", "passive", etc. in Japanese to understand what you're being taught. Here's a list of the ones we've encountered most so far:
- Noun 名詞（めいし）
- Pronoun 代名詞（だいめいし）
- Verb 動詞（どうし）
- Transitive verb 他動詞（たどうし）
- Intransitive verb 自動詞（じどうし）
- Adjective 形容詞（けいようし）-> い形容詞・な形容詞
- Adverb 副詞（ふくし）
- Conjunction 接続詞（せつぞくし）
- Particle 助詞（じょし）
- Interrogative 疑問詞（ぎもんし）
- Subject 主語（しゅご）
- Sentence 文（ぶん）
- Paragraph 段落（だんらく）
- ~Form （～形）
- Past 過去形（かこけい）
- Potential 可能形（かのうけい）
- Passive 受身形（うけみけい）
- Causative 使役形（しえきけい）
- Te て形
- Nai ない形
- Masu ます形
It will be much easier to catch on to new grammar points and understand the teachers' explanations if you know most or all of these words.
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